OPHTHALMIC CONDITIONS
Dry Eye Syndrome
Eyes that are inadequately lubricated
What exactly is dry eye syndrome, and what causes it?
Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eyes are inadequately lubricated, leading to inflammation or irritation of the ocular surface. This lack of lubrication can be related to insufficient tear production or alterations in the chemical composition and quality of tears.
The eyelids function as “windshield wipers” that evenly distribute the tear film across the ocular surface. Any issues with the eyelids can also affect the normal function of the tear film and cause dry eye syndrome.
People living in dry or hot climates are more likely to develop dry eye syndrome. Dust and pollution are also considered risk factors.
The condition is multifactorial, and an accurate diagnosis requires a thorough analysis of the ocular surface (examination of the meibomian glands, assessment of the eyelids, evaluation of tear duct function, and testing of the quality and quantity of tears by using specialized tests, such as the Schirmer and dye staining tests).
What are the main symptoms of dry eye syndrome?
The symptoms of dry eye syndrome include:
Burning sensation
Intense eye irritation
Redness (flushing)
Sensation of a foreign body
Tearing (which might seem unusual – lots of tears but of poor quality)
Blurred vision
Mucus
How can dry eye syndrome be managed?
Medical management depends on the severity of symptoms and the needs of each patient. Modern treatment techniques include the following:
Use of preservative – free artificial tears or lubricating ointments
Warm compresses to improve the function of the meibomian glands
Application of collagen or silicone punctal plugs, in the tear ducts
Administration of cyclosporine eye drops in severe cases
Additionally, avoiding smoking, staying away from air – conditioned environments, and minimizing exposure to wind, can help alleviate dry eye syndrome.
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