OPHTHALMIC CONDITIONS
Pterygium
A benign overgrowth of the conjunctiva
What exactly is pterygium?
Pterygium is a benign hyperplasia of the conjunctiva (the white – tough membrane of the eye). It develops slowly and can extend onto the cornea, potentially causing vision problems. A pterygium is typically noticeable on the inner corner of the eye (nasal side) with an unusual and inelegant appearance.
How is pterygium diagnosed?
The diagnosis of pterygium requires a clinical examination, using a slit lamp in an ophthalmological practice, to thoroughly investigate the condition.
What are the main causes of pterygium?
The real causes are rather not well established. Most clinical studies show that pterygium is related to increased exposure to sunlight (ultraviolet radiation), dryness, hot climate or dusty environment. Pterygium is not a form of cancer.
What are the symptoms of pterygium?
In its early stages, pterygium is asymptomatic and does not affect vision. However, as it expands over the surface of the eye, it can cause a foreign body sensation, irritation, redness, and discomfort with itching (scratchiness). In advanced stages, it begins to cover the corneal surface, the pupil, and possibly the visual axis, leading to astigmatism, which results in distorted vision.
How is pterygium treated?
In the early stages of the eye disease, some ointments, especially eye drops, artificial lubricants, or anti – inflammatory medications may be helpful. For a pterygium in advanced stages that negatively impacts vision or causes cosmetic issues, surgical intervention is required. The surgical procedure is performed under local anesthesia, during which the abnormal hyperplastic mass tissue is removed.
In some cases, a part of conjunctiva may need to be removed and auto – transplanted onto the white sclera. Special sutures are used, which are typically removed after 2 weeks.
Are the results satisfactory after surgery?
After pterygium removal surgery, the cosmetic result is satisfactory. It is important to take into account that there is a possibility of recurrence. Therefore, strict adherence to the prescribed medication per case is important. The patient should avoid special conditions (dust, sun) that may have contributed to the pterygium’s creation. Undoubtedly, the greatest benefit of the surgery is the smooth restoration of vision.
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